DOING BUSINESS WITH INDIA
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROFILE
(b) EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
COMPOSITION OF INDIA'S EXPORTS ($ BILLION) 1980-81 1989-90 TOTAL 8.49 (100.0) 16.63 (100.0) OF WHICH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2.61 (30.7) 2.93 (17.6) ORES & MINERALS 0.52 (6.1) 0.82 (4.9) MANUFACTURES 4.74 (55.9) 12.41 (74.6) OF WHICH TEXTILES 1.18 (13.9) 3.22 (19.3) LEATHER 0.49 (5.8) 1.17 (7.0) HANDICRAFTS 1.20 (14.2) 3.78 (22.7) GEMS&JEWELLERY 0.78 (9.2) 3.18 (19.1) CHEMICALS 0.29 (3.4) 1.30 (7.8) MACHINERY 1.05 (12.4) 1.97 (11.8) EXPORTS AS % OF GDP 5.5 7.0
NOTE :FIGURES IN BRACKETS ARE PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL
COMPOSITION OF INDIA'S IMPORTS ($ BILLION) 1980-81 1989-90 TOTAL 15.87 (100.0) 21.27 (100.0) OF WHICH CAPITAL GOODS 2.42 (15.2) 5.30 (24.9) OF WHICH ELEC.MACHINERY 0.33 (2.1) 1.15 (5.4) NON-ELEC.MACHINERY 1.38 (8.7) 2.12 (10.0) TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 0.59 (3.7) 0.92 (4.3) IRON & STEEL 1.07 (6.8) 1.39 (6.5) PEARLS,STONES ETC. 0.53 (3.3) 2.55 (12.0) CHEMICALS ETC. 0.46 (2.9) 1.29 (6.0) FERTILIZERS 1.04 (6.5) 1.07 (5.0) PETROLEUM, OIL & 6.65 (41.9) 3.77 (17.7) LUBRICANTS (POL) POL AS % OF TRADE DEFICIT 88.0 81.1
NOTE: FIGURES IN BRACKETS ARE PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROFILE (c) FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
BOP Foreign Exchange Reserves
Year Foreign currency Foreign exchange assets of RBI at reserves at the the end of year end of the year@
1 2 3 4 5
Rs. US $ Rs. US $ (million)(million) (million) (million) 1980-81 . . . 48220 5850 55440 6823 1981-82 . . . 33550 3582 40240 4390 1982-83 . . . 42650 4281 47820 4896 1983-84 . . . 54980 5099 59720 5649 1984-85 . . . 68170 5482 72430 5952 1985-86 . . . 73840 5972 78200 6520 1986-87 . . . 76450 5924 78200 6520 1987-88 . . . 72870 5618 70870 6223 1988-89 . . . 66050 4226 70400 4802 1989-90 . . . 57870 3368 62510 3962 1990-91 . . . 43880 2236 114160# 5834 1991-92 . . . 97660 3774 193920+ 7501#+ (upto end-Jan.)
** Includes foreign currency assets of RBI, gold holdings of
RBI and SDR holdings of Government.
** Includes Trust Fund loan withdrawals and repayments.
** Effective October 17, 1990 gold is revalued close to
international market price at the end of every month. For
earlier periods gold is valued at official rate of Rs.
84.39 per 10 grams.
** Includes purchase of gold of Rs.4940 million and US$ 191
million from Government of India on December 23, 1991 and
January 7, 1992.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROFILE (d) EXTERNAL DEBT.
1987-88 88-89 89-90 90-91
TOTAL 49.91 57.68 58.84 66.88
OF WHICH
EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE 28.87 33.14 33.46 38.10
EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL 9.93 12.45 13.26 14.89
BORROWINGS
IMF 3.35 2.31 1.42 2.45
NONRESIDENT ACCOUNTS 7.75 9.77 10.71 11.45
IMPORTS FOR MAJOR COMMODITY GROUPS
1990-91 1991-92 Percentage Change April-Sept(P) April-Sept(P) ($ terms)
Items April 1990-91 Sept-91 (Billion US Dollar) 1989-90 April Sept-90
1 2 3 4 5
1. Bulk Imports 11.1 4.1 26.1 -13.0 (a) Essential Imports 7.9 3.0 33.1 - 7.5 1. POL 6.0 2.3 60.0 2.4 2. Cereals etc 0.1 0.0 -55.3 - 39.6 3. Edible Oils 0.2 0.0 43.4 - 74.6 4. Fertilisers 1.0 0.5 - 7.8 - 9.6 5. Non-ferrous metals 0.6 0.1 -18.4 -51.3 (b) Other bulk imports 3.2 1.1 11.7 - 25.4 6. Pulses 0.3 0.1 95.9 - 53.4 7. Coal 0.4 0.2 30.3 - 6.3 8. Iron & Steel 1.2 0.5 -14.9 - 9.8 9. Paper, board & pulp 0.5 0.2 28.2 - 27.6 10. Ores & metals scrap 0.8 0.2 30.8 - 47.8 II. Non-bulk imports 11.3 4.4 3.1 - 18.6 (a) Capital goods 5.8 2.1 10.0 - 17.2 (b) Mainly export -related imports 3.7 1.7 -9.9 - 14.8 (1) Pearls and precious stones 2.1 0.9 -18.2 - 2.6 (2) Chemicals 1.3 0.6 - 0.5 - 24.1 (3) Textile yarn fabrics etc 0.2 0.1 17.6 - 40.5 (4) Cashewnuts 0.1 0.0 62.2 - 28.9 (c) Other non-bulk items 1.8 0.6 13.2 - 30.8 (1) Professional instruments etc 0.6 0.2 11.0 - 39.2 (2) Chemicals 0.5 0.1 34.0 - 50.8 (3) Plastics & resins 0.6 0.3 2.0 - 4.4 (4) Non-metallic minerals0.1 0.0 12.1 - 39.6 III Unclassified 1.6 0.6 11.1 - 35.0
IV. Total 24.7 9.1 13.2 - 17.5
(P) - Provisional
NOTES : 1. Item I (a) 4 includes fertiliser crude, manufactured
& fertiliser material
2. Item II (b) 2 includes organic and inorganic chemicals
3. Item III (c) 2 relates to materials and products
including pharmaceutical & dying & colouring material.
4. A zero in column 5 indicates a negligible amount
1990-91 1991-92 Percentage Change April-Sept(P) April-Sept(P) ($ terms)
Items April 1990-91 Sept-91 (Billion US Dollars) 1989-90 April Sept-90
1 2 3 4 5
I. Agriculture and allied products 3.5 1.6 20.1 - 10.1 1. Cashew kernels 0.2 0.2 12.8 11.1 2. Coffee 0.1 0.1 - 32.6 - 22.2 3. Marine products 0.5 0.3 29.6 17.1 4. Oil meals 0.3 0.1 - 7.5 - 9.6 5. Raw Cotton 0.5 0.1 511.4 - 58.6 6. Rice 0.3 0.1 0.4 - 6.5 7. Spices 0.1 0.1 - 21.6 8.0 8. Sugar 0.0 0.0 7.2 81.8 9. Tea & Mate 0.6 0.2 8.3 - 32.1 10. Tobacco 0.1 0.1 39.6 34.2 II. Ores & Minerals 0.8 0.4 1.9 11.7 11. Iron Ore 0.6 0.3 5.0 13.8 III. Manufactured Goods 13.2 6.0 6.6 - 5.2 12. Engineering Goods 2.2 0.9 9.4 - 10.6 13. Chemicals 1.4 0.7 10.1 5.0 14. Textiles 1.2 0.6 29.3 20.2 15. Jute Manufactures 0.2 0.1 - 6.6 - 34.0 16. Leather Manufactures 1.4 0.6 22.1 - 12.5 17. Readymade garments 2.2 0.9 15.4 - 9.2 18. Handicrafts 3.4 1.7 - 7.2 0.4 Of which : Gems and Jewellery 2.9 1.4 - 8.1 - 2.0 IV. Mineral fuels and lubricant 0.5 0.2 18.9 - 25.2 19. POL 0.5 0.2 24.9 - 28.9 V. Others 0.0 0.0 27.4 - 57.9
Total 18.1 8.1 9.8 - 6.2
(P) - Provisional
NOTES : 1. Item 12 includes Machinery, Transport equipment,
metal manufactures (including iron and steel),
electronic goods and computer software.
2. Group IV includes coal.
3. The group totals pertaining to I, II, III, IV & V
are provisional tentative estimates based on pre-
liminary details.
4. Items 13 excludes rubber, glass, paints, and
other products.
5. Item 14 includes cotton yarn, fabrics etc.
6. Item 18 includes handicrafts, carpets (handmade)
& gems and jewellery.
7. Group totals may not add up to the total due to
errors and omissions.
8. Others include errors and omissions.
9. A zero in column 5 indicates a negligible amount.
TRENDS IN FOFIEGN TRADE
Year Imports Exports Trade Changes Changes Trade Balance in in Balance Imports Exports as % of Exports
Billion U.S.Dollars
1986-87 15.7 9.7 -6.0 -2.1 9.4 61.4 1987-88 17.2 12.1 -5.1 9.1 24.0 41.9 1988-89 19.5 14.0 -5.5 13.6 15.6 39.6 1989-90 21.3 16.6 -4.6 9.1 19.0 27.9 1990-91 24.1 18.1 -5.9 13.2 9.1 32.7 1991-92* 9.1 8.1 -1.0 -17.5 -6.2 12.6
Data for 1989-90 & April-September, 1991-92 are provisional * April-September 1991-92 Source : DGCI&S for trade data and RBI for exchange rate.
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